EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 4/4

           Tomorrow we will have our final exam, I feel a little bit nervous now, but I think I can handle it.  I am a repeat student in this course, and in this term I feel much better than last term.  I think in this this term the performance of mine is better than before, and I do something well in this term.  However, I still have some shortcomings, such as listening.   My listening skill doesn't improve too much in this term, actually it bad.  I try to find some ways to fix this problem, but seem it does not work.  I hope tomorrow I can try my best to get more points in the listening sections. 
            Another thing which makes me worried is grammar.  I still make a lot of grammar mistakes in my essay and my grammar homework which hurt my scores to some extent.  I think I will take more practices on grammar.
            Hope I can get enough scores to pass this course.  GOD BLESS ME.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 3/4

      Today we learned something about how to make the reading exam questions.  To make the reading questions, first we reviewed the CAEL exams we did before, and generally the reading exam questions have four types, they are short answer question, multiple choice, table and matching.  Each of them have different types of forms, we should know these forms and answer these questions. I think it is a good way to get reading skill and improve our reading score because we can know what the exam maker wants to ask us.  I think we can use the same way to improve our listening skill. 
      

      

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 2/4

Today I still reviewed something about preposition.  The preposition at is used before a noun indicating the corner of something. The preposition in is used before a noun indicating an enclosed space.  The preposition on is used before an electronic medium.  The preposition at is used before a noun indicating the edge of something.  The preposition at is used before a noun indicating a target.  We should notice the use of preposition when we writing our essay.

e.g
1)  At the conner of this room, a little boy sits over there.
2)  In this house, there are three rooms with a toilet.
3)  He told me this story on cellphone.
4)  At the end of the garden, there is a river.
5)  I hit out at the boy because he always laugh at me.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 1/4

Today I reviewed something about preposition.  The preposition at is used before a specific time. The preposition in is used before a geographic location. The preposition before a noun indicating the edge of something is at. The preposition before a noun indicating a target is at. The preposition in is used before a noun indicating an enclosed space.The preposition before a specific day is on. 

e.g.  
1）  My family will arrive at 10:30 a.m. in this Saturday.
2）  I find an bird in my house.
3）  My grandmother usually sits at the table and do some housework.
4）  At the end of the TV show, all the people have a happy ending.
5）  In the box, we find a letter from a girl who named Tina.
6）   I hope everything will be okay on my wedding day.
           
           
           

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 4/4

Today I reviewed something about how to use comparatives and superlatives with care.  In English, there are three different forms of most adjectives and adverbs, for example, high(the positive), higher(the comparative), and highest(the superlative).  Usually, we use use the comparative to compare two thing, and use the superlative to compare things which over two.

e.g.
1) I think this text book is more useful than the old one which we have used before.
"more useful" is a comparative, we use it here because we compare two different text book here.
2) He is the most naughty boy in the kindergarten.
"most naughty" is a superlative, we use it here because we compare many boys that over two in the kindergarden.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 3/4

Today I reviewed something about how to use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.  The adverbs which modify verbs or verbals, are almost always answer the question like When? Where? How? Why?  We should notice that sometimes we may use adjective

e.g.

1)  I will find a helpfully review to help me understand what this book means.
"Helpfully" is an adverb, but we should put an adjective here.  We should put "helpful" instead of "helpfully".

2)  We are very proud of our son's quickly reaction.
 "Quickly" is an adverb, but we should put an adjective here.  We should put "quick" instead of "quickly".

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 2/4

Today I reviewed something about object complement.  A direct object and completes its meaning are followed by an object complement.  When we use adjective functions as an object complement and they describe the direct object.  The verb, for instance, call, consider, create, find,keep and make are usually go with object complement.  

e.g.
1) You make me tired.
 "Me" here is an object, "tired" here is an adjective function use as an object complement which describe "me".
2) I found him painful.
 "Him" here is an object, "painful" here is an adjective function use as an object complement which describe "him".

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 1/4

Today I reviewed something about how to use adjectives to modify nouns.    The adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify, and they can also function as subject complements or object complements which follow the nouns they modify.  

Subject complements
     A linking verb and completes the meaning of the subjects are followed by a subject complement.  When we use adjective functions as subject complements, and the adjective functions describe the subjects.

e.g.
1)  This book is useless to me.
"book" here is a subject, "useless" here is an adjective use as a subject complement.
2)  Love is blind.
"love" here is a subject, "blind" here is an adjective use as a subject complement.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 4/4

I read the Part 13 of Bedford today, and I noticed lots of meaningful grammar rules which need to be looked out.

Sometimes it is easy for me to ignore the consistency in personal pronouns. 

e.g.

1）We have many responsible teachers in our school, and the teachers give us the best education. 
You can develop your academic and creative thoughts in here.  In this sentence, we must be the only personal pronoun when you makes the meaning be confused.

In addition, using both indirect and direct questions in a sentence is wrong. 
e.g.
2)I am not sure whether Mike arrived home and, if he did, would he call me again?  
The second half of the sample cannot be a direct question, which can be changed as, whether he would call me again.

Usually, I do not know the right way to make verbs consistent, especially when there are more than two verbs.  
e.g.
3)Everyone finishes the homework, gives it to teachers, and gets the grades in at least two days.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 3/4

I reviewed something about repair misplaced and dangling modifiers today.  First one is about limiting modifiers.  It is important to put the modifiers next to the words they modify. 

e.g.

1)He only lives with his grandparents when his parents are not at home.  

Actually, the clause is modified by only, so the sentence needs to be revised as:

He lives with his grandparents only when his parents are not at home.

It is necessary to put phrases and clauses in right positions because if not, readers will be confused about the meanings.  

e.g.

2)There are many bottles of famous singers who received the awards on the table.  The singers were not received the awards on the table, so it should be changed to:

On the table are many bottles of famous singers who received the awards.

In addition, making modifiers be clear to read is important.  

e.g.

3)After experimentalizing in the labs over and over again, Madame Curie found radium eventually.  
If Madame Curie was put in front of after, the sentence would be hard to read and understand.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 2/4

We should add the article(a,an,and the) in where is necessary for grammatical completeness. 

e.g. 
    1) I bought an iphone and case yesterday. (wrong)

        I bought an iphone and a case  yesterday. (right)

     2)I need book which in the booklet. (wrong)

        I need the book which in the booklet. (right)

Although and but can't appear in one sentence at same time.  Because and so cannot appear in one sentence at same time.  If and so can't appear in one sentence at same time as well.

e.g. 
3)Although I finish my homework, but I can't play video game. (wrong)

  Although I finish my homework, I can't play video game. (right)
4)Because the weather is so bad, so I won't go outside today.(wrong)
   Because the weather is so bad, I won't go outside today. (right)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 1/4

We can't omit words which are necessary for grammatical or logical completeness.
To complete compound structures, we should add needed word.
e.g.
1) I hate the girl who lies to me.
    Here who is needed word.
We need to add the word that when there is some danger of misreading without it.
e.g. 
2) The fact that he didn't finish his homework yesterday.
    We should add that here.
     I think that he didn't finish his homework yesterday.
     I think he didn't finish his homework yesterday. 
    We can choose don't put that in this sentence.
If we want to make comparisons logical and complete, we must add words needed.
e.g.
 1)I want to buy some apples and park.(wrong)
     I want to buy some apples and go to the park.(right)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 4/4

I have reviewed something about untangle mixed constructions. When I write some long sentence, there may be no subject or no verb in the whole sentences or there are two connection between two clauses, which need me to check carefully. Though and but can just be used once in a sentence but I usually use both because this point is different from China, so I should focus it more. When there is a preposition at the beginning of a sentence, What I should do is that do not see it as the subject of the sentence.

e.g. 
1）Though the weather is bad, we still go out to play.
2）For students who still work hard on their homework, going out and finding own interest is the most important thing.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 3/4

Today I reviewed something about how to add needed words in sentences.There are some grammar rules which should be deeply memorized in my daily English study.Sometimes, adding that is an appropriate method to avoid the misunderstanding in a sentence without it.

e.g.
1) Johnson realized that Lucas could not communicate well with other people. (If that were delated, the meaning became to: Johnson realized Lucas, which is incorrect and confused to readers.)

Comparisons need necessary words so that they can be completed.
e.g.
1) The football in United States is totally different from Europe.    The football in US is totally different from that in Europe.(In fact, the sentence compares American football with European football; therefore)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 2/4

Today I reviewed something about how to make pronouns and antecedents agree.  When we writing something, we need make sure that we use pronouns follow the antecedents what we used.  For example, the antecedent that we used is singular, so we should not use the pronoun which means plural.

e.g.
1) A Chinese student should spend a lot of time doing their homework. (wrong)
     Chinese students should spend a lot of time doing their homework.  (right)
2) Many young girls in this city choose to be a teacher in her future. (wrong)
    Many young girls in this city choose to be a teacher in their future. (right)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 1/4

We need make subjects and verbs agree when we writing.  In the present tense, verbs agree with their subjects in number (one or more than one) and in person(1st, 2nd, 3rd), for instance: we invite, you invite, he or she invites, I invite.  

e.g.

1)  Lily and Tony do the presentation together.("Lily and Tony" are two people, so here we use "do", instead of "does".)

2)  The cat which lies on the blanket is mine.("cat" is singular and 3rd, so here we use "lies", instead of "lie".)

3)  I suggest Kevin does not go to school late.("I" is singular but 1st, so here we use "suggest", instead of "suggests"; "Kevin" is singular and 3rd, so here we use "does", instead of "do".)

  

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 4/4

    I reviewed the part 9 of Bedford today and learned lots of knowledge which I might ignored before.  There are some meaningful grammars about parallel ideas which need to be paid attention in the future.

    First of all, it is necessary to put one or more informations into a series.

e.g.

1） A good singer needs not only excellent voice but also reputation, good lifestyles, and they are modest.  （In this sentence, all the items should be nouns so they are modest has to be changed to modesty.）

     In addition, when coordinating conjunctions are located between two parallel ideas, the forms of the ideas must be same. 

e.g.

1）Katy Perry is making her new album and preparing for her solo concert these days.  （In this example, the verb making and preparing are balanced.）

     When parallel ideas are connected with some conjunctions such as whether...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, the grammatical form of second half must be the same with the structure of first half.  

e.g.

1）Switzerland is not only a wealthy country but also a peaceful country.  （Sometimes, it is easy to add is after but also; however, it makes the two parts of sentence become unbalanced.）

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 3/4

 Today I want to talk about run-on sentences which means two complete sentences join together without any link words.  When combine two sentences into one sentence, a proper way is join them with a comma and a conjunction between them; 

e.g.
1)Government has invested more money to develop agriculture industry, so farming condition has a great progress in last 5 years.(In this sentence, first part and second part are all can stand alone as an independent sentence, and they have different objects, so they should be joined by a comma and a conjunction between them.)  
Another way to join two sentences is link to parts with a semicolon.

e.g.
People more and more rely on internet; however, the healthy problem that bring by computers threat people’s normal lives.
(According to the relationship of these two independent clauses, these are combined by a semicolon.)   

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 2/4

Today I reviewed something about how to repair sentence fragments.  We can repair most sentence fragments by two ways, one of them is either pull the fragment into a nearby sentence, the other way is to rewrite the fragment as a complete sentence. We need to attach fragmented subordinate clauses or turn them into sentence.

e.g.
1）I don't think Kevin will come back this summer. Because he hurt his legs.
  Correct : I don't think Kevin will come back this summer because he hurt his legs.
Or "Because Kevin hurt his legs, I do not think he will come back this summer."
2）I like apple juice. And banana ice-cream.
  Correct : I like apple juice and banana ice-cream.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 1/4

Today I reviewed something about repair sentence fragments.  We named a word group which pretends to be a sentence a sentence fragment.  If we want to know whether the text is a sentence fragment or a sentence, we can use the following methods.
1) If the text doesn't have a verb, it is a fragment.
2) If the text has a verb but doesn't have a subject, it is a fragment.
3) If the text has a verb and subject, and also has the word group merely a subordinate clause, it is a fragment.
4) If the text has a verb and subject, but doesn't have the the word group merely a subordinate clause, it is a sentence.

e.g.
1) Going to downtown. (a sentence fragment, does not have a subject)
2) I have a big trouble now. (a sentence)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 4/4

The prepositions such as at, on, in, by, with, to, for, from, and of are the most frequently used in English.  

e.g.
1) This book written by Zoe.  ("by"is a preposition here)
2) I arrived in 7.p.m. yesterday.  ("in"is a preposition here)
3) He just standing here and waiting for his wife.  ("for"is a preposition here)

Different prepositions have different uses and usages.  For example, the preposition at, when it showing time, we should use it at a specific time, at 6.p.m., at lunch.  If at showing place, It has four different usages.  The first one is at a meeting place or location: at the bar, at school.  The second one is at the edge of something: siting at the table.  The third  
one is at the corner of something: at the end.  The fourth one is at the target: catch at.  

e.g.
1)  I ate my breakfast at 7:40 a.m. this morning.
2)  I hope I can finish my homework at school.

3)  We sit at the table and talk with each other.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 3/4

Hyphen is always used to get some wards together in order to describe nouns. We should use hyphens between them. If I want to spell a word in the last of a line but the space is not enough, I should write some of characters in the word and use hyphen after these part and then spell the left part in the next line.

e.g.
Vancouver is a well-known city around the world.
The fourteen-year-old boy has become a famous person.
She is a hard-working student.

This situation is just used on the adjective before the noun, which is the most important and we should focus on it.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 2/4

I reviewed the usage of the number. If the number is very big like more than one handred, then just write the number but not spell it; however, if the number is easy to  spell such as two thousand, then spell it. If the number is blow one handred but not easy to spell, I should still spell it out.

e.g.
There are two buses coming now.
There are more than 100,000 babies born each year.
There are fourth students in the class now.

What is the most important is that the rules are always changed, so we should not focus the problems of numbers very much.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 1/4

Today I reviewed something about subordinate words groups.  The definition of subordinate words groups is the words group includes phrase and clause.  Different subordinate play different roles in the sentences, some of them are adjective, some of them are adverb, also have some are noun.  
e.g. 
1）I finish my homework by pen.
2）I go to school by bus.
3）I want to go to London by train.
4)  I want to do this on my own way.

In these sentences, "by pen", "by bus","by train", and "on my own way" are subordinate phrases,"by pen","by bus", "by train" and "on my own way" play the same role in their sentences as a adverb.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 4/4

Sentence structure is the basic writing skill and very important.  There are some rules of sentence structure we must follow.  Never write a sentence without a subject because it is a wrong sentence.  We also need a verb to link this sentence.

e.g.
1）The winner of the game is a boy.
（‘‘the winner’’ is the simple subject, and the whole subject is ‘‘the winner of the game’’.  And ‘’is’’ is the verb.）

The second rule is that we can use pronoun in a sentence, but we can not use it as the same function with the noun which we use pronoun to replace.

e.g.
2）The teacher he enjoys playing video game. （wrong）
     The teacher enjoys playing video game.  （right）
‘‘The teacher’’ is the subject and a noun, and we want use ‘’he’’ to replace it, but both of them are subject.  So, this is a incorrect sentence.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 3/4

We can find some abbreviations when we reading or writing.  We cannot use abbreviations for titles when we writing.

e.g.
1) My Dr. said that sleep too much time isn't good for health. (wrong)
    My doctor said that sleep too much isn't good for health. (right)
    ("Dr" here is wrong because it is an abbreviation for "doctor", and we cannot use abbreviations for titles when we writing.)

When we use abbreviations in our writing, we must make sure that our readers can understand them.  Because some abbreviation look same but meanings are totally different.
We also should notice if we want to use abbreviations like BC, a.m., No, we should add specific dates,times or amounts with them.

e.g.
1) The No. is very large. (wrong)
    The number is very large. (right)
    ("No." here is an abbreviation, we can write sentence like this.)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 2/4

Every English sentence should have a subject.  In most English sentences, the subject usually appears before the verb.  But in some sentences, the subject is used after the verb.   There or it, we named these words expletives often appears before the verb.

e.g.
1) She is a good girl.("She" here is a subject in this sentence.)
2) In my hometown, it is very poor. ("It" here is a subject in this sentence.)
3) It is time to go to school now. ("It" here is a subject in this sentence.)
4) There are some people standing on the street.(This sentences have an expletive "there", we can rewrite this sentence, "Some people are standing on the street." "Some people" here is a subject, "are" is a verb.)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 1/4

Today I reviewed something about sentence structure.  The English sentences general follow the structure which is from subject to verb to object or complement.  

e.g. 
1) I want to go.  (subject - verb - verb complement)
2) I eat ice cream.  (subject - verb - object)

We should use a linking verb between a subject and its complement. The linking verbs such as is, are, was, and were, should be used in between subjects and complements.  The complements are nous or adjectives that give the words another definition or describe the subject.

e.g.   
1) She is a single lady. ("is" here is a linking verb)
2) A lot of poverty in the west of China are minority. ("are" here is a linking verb)

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 4/4

          Today I have reviewed something about sentence patterns, there are five patterns that most English sentences conform to.  The first one is subject/verb/subject complement, the second one is subject/verb/direct object, the third one is subject/verb/indirect object/direct object, the fourth one is subject/verb/direct object/object complement, the last one is subject/verb.  

e.g.
1）This book was written by Zoe.
2）I want to go to beach and see some handsome boy.
3）She is the most famous movie star all around the world.

           Every sentence needs a subject, the subject of a sentence names who or talk about what the sentence is.  There are four different kinds of subject used in English sentence.  We named them the complete subject, the simple subject, understood subjects, and subject after the verb. 

e.g
1) The most important thing is finish your work first.   the complete subject 
2) I want to go.     the simple subject
3) [You] Please open the window.    understood subjects
4) Do you want to join the party with us?     subject after the verb

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 3/4

Today I learned something about academic writing connectors and basic essay structure.   Punctuation is very an important part of connectors.  I have learned three different kinds of connectors, the first one is "A, but B", the second one is "A because B", and the last one is "A; however, B".  We can't put no comma before and with a complete sentence. We cannot put comma before because. When we write our essay, we can't use connector   
verbs start our paragraph. We need to keep comma before and when it is used is a list.

e.g
I like watching movie, but my younger sister like playing video games.
I got a headache yesterday, still I go to school today.
I don't want to argue with you because I feel so tired.
Because I feel really tired, I don't want to argue with you.
He was still standing there and waiting for her; however, she would never come back.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 2/4

We should make negative verb forms, and add not in the appropriate place. In some situations, we should add not after the verb.  For example, the verb is the simple present or past tense of be.  

e.g. 
She was not a good student when she was in school.
I was not feel very good when I saw her in the store.
He is not a bad boy.

We can use be, use, do or does with not before the base form of the verb in simple present-tense verbs.  For simple past-tense verbs, we should use did plus not before the base form of the verb.  

e.g.
I do not think I am wrong.
She does not realize her fault.
He did not go to school yesterday.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 1/4

We named the words such as can, may, should,must, and shall modal verbs.  We also consider ought to is a modal verb.  When we want to show certainty, necessity, and possibility, we can use use modal verbs with base form verb. 

e.g
1) People can easily find the problem when they watching this film.
2) I must finish my homework before my parents come back.
3) We should protect environment instead of damage to the environment.

If you want to use a verb in the passive voice, you need to use a form of be with the past participle.  

e.g
1）This book was written by my friend Lisa.
      This sentence use simple past tense.
2）This building will be built in next year.
      This sentence use simple future tense.
3）This song is being played all the night.
      This sentence use present progressive tense.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 1 2/2

          Today I reviewed something about verb tense.  There are four general verb tense, they are simple tenses, simple progressive forms, perfect tenses and perfect progressive forms.  Simple tenses usually use for general facts, such as Miss Li usually goes home by herself.  Here talks about a facts, so we just need to use simple present here.  Sometimes we want to talk about facts or states of being in the past, we also need to use simple tenses. For example, When my sister was young, she always played the doll which from my mom.  Sometimes people want to do some actions in the future or they want to promise something, we also can use simple tense, such as They will finish their homework before dinner.   We use will + base form here.

            Simple progressive forms are verbs tenses for continuing actions.  We can use am, is, and are add present participle to express some actions we do at the present time or some future action which we will do. For example, I am doing my blog job now, and I am going to find some picture for my blog.  For the past progressive, we just need to change the am, is and are to was and were, then add present participle.  We use this tense in two situations, the first one is an action happened at a specific time in the past and it in process; the second one is some things would be happened and they already had some plans, but they didn't happened.
e.g.
1) I was sleeping when she came back.
2) I was going to visit my friend in last summer, but I lost my job and didn't have extra money in last spring.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 1 1/2

        I have reviewed something about verbs today.  The first thing we should do is use the appropriate verb form and tense.  There are five forms for every main verb, and these forms are used to create all of the verb tense in standard English.  The five forms are base form, past tense, past participle, present participle and -s form, and here are some examples about the five forms.

        For regular verb, such as walk, it's base form is walk, past tense is walked, past participle is walked, present participle is walking, -s form is walks.  For irregular verb, such as become, it's base form is become, past tense is became, past participle is become, present participle is becoming, -s form is becomes. For irregular verb, such as become, it's base form is become, past tense is became, past participle is become, present participle is becoming, -s form is becomes.

EAP 140 AM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 1 0/2

This is my first blog post.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 4/4

         Finally I finish this course.  Today we have our final exam.  I felt afraid before the exam started, during the exam, I felt it's OK.   This exam not very difficult, but I don't  do very well.  I missed a lot of details and information in Listening Two.  I finish my essay and follow all the rules, but I don't think I express my points very clearly.
         Reading are not very difficult, but some information are not easy to find.  I think I finished readings better than the quizzes I did during this course.
         I think I can't pass this course.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 3/4

    Tomorrow is the last day of this course, we will have our final exam of these course.

    I think this course is hard to me.  Four parts, listening, reading, speaking and writing, I didn't do well on them, especially the listening and writing.  I think I should do much more work to improve my English language skill.

    This course is not a easy course to pass.  If people want to pass this course, they must have enough English knowledge already and do lots of work to pass this course.  The other important things can help people pass this course are follow the rules and manage your time.

    Be an adult and take responsibility are two valuable things that I have learned from this course, they will help me a lot in my future study and life.
   
   

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 2/4

We can't omit the necessary words for grammatical or logical completeness.  To complete compound structures, we should add needed word.  We need to add the word that when there is some danger of misreading without it. If we want to make comparisons logical and complete, we must add words needed. We should add the article(a,an,and the) in necessary place for grammatical completeness.

e.g.The girl who stands under the tree is my girlfriend.
    Here who is needed word.
e.g. He said that she wouldn't back China in this year.
    We should add that here.
e.g. I have a basketball and play it.(wrong)
     I have a basketball and I like to play it.(right)
e.g I have apple in the bowl.(wrong)
    I have an apple in the bowl.(right)

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 9 1/4

We called an independent clause which in a sentence hasn't been joined in a right way is run-on sentence.   Independent clauses are word groups, so they can't stand along like sentences.  We should put two independent clauses in one sentence.  We have two ways to use, we can choose one of them. 1) with a comma and a coordinating conjunction(and,but,yet,so,or,for,nor). 2)with a semicolon(or occasionally with a colon or a dash).

e.g.
The girls played basketball, but the boys played tennis. 
I like apple,  but my father like pear.
I don't think I can get high score in this test, but I get a good mark.
I like eating fruits and drinking milk.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 4/4

We should choose appropriate verb forms, tenses, and moods in standard English.
base form : I always play...
past tense : Last weekend I played...
past participle : I have been to park before.
present participle : I am playing computer games when he is sleeping.
-s form : He plays computer games everyday.

We should to choose standard English forms of irregular verbs.
e.g.I goes to school by bike.(wrong)
    I go to school by bike.(right)
    I have saw her clothes before.(wrong)
    I have seen her clothes before.(right)
We should distinguish among the forms of lie and lay.
e.g. Please don't lie to me.
     He lies on the bed.
     The ham lays an egg.
     The doctor told me to lay off for a week.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 3/4

How to choose to use adjectives and adverbs.
We should use adjectives to modify nouns.
e.g.
adj. The girl looked lucky.
adv. The girl looked luckily on her performance.
I think he is an honestly student.（wrong）
I think he is an honest student.（right）
She is a beautifully girl.(wrong)
She is a beautiful girl.(right)
He always thinks he is an unfortunately boy.(wrong)
He always thinks he is an unfortunate boy.（right）
We should use adverbs to modify verbs，adjectives and other adverbs.

e.g.
Lucky, I passed the kill exam in last Friday.（wrong）
Luckily，I passed the kill exam in last Friday.（right）
She looks dream when she dancing. (wrong）
She looks dreamily when she dancing. (right)

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 2/4

We should move awkwardly placed modifiers.

e.g. Beijing, after 1949, became Chinese capital.(wrong)

     After 1949， Beijing become Chinese capital.(right)

We ought to avoid split infinitives when they are awkward.

e.g. Students in this class study hardly to design clothes.(wrong)

     Students in this class study to design clothes hardly.(right)

We need to repair dangling modifiers.

e.g. We need to manage our time, learning is short.(wrong)

     We need to manage our time, the time of leaning is short.(right)

Two ways to revise our sentences:

1) Name the actor of the subject of the sentence.

2) Name the actor of the modifier. 

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 8 1/4

We should repaired misplaced and dangling modifiers.
We should put limiting modifiers in front of the words which they modify.
e.g. I only want one student leave my class.(wrong)
     I want only one student leave my class.(right)
     When my father coming back home, I almost done everything.(wrong)
     When my father coming back home, I done almost everything.(right)
     I have a yellow big ball.(wrong)
     I have a big yellow ball.(right)
     I only have one cell phone.(wrong)
     I have only one cell phone.(right)
     This is the most biggest and sweetest apple on the table.(right)

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 4/4

Review Parts of Speech（Verb）
The expressions of the verb in a sentence are action or being.
action: make  take walk run sing
being: is become are was were
There are two types of verb, one of them is helping verbs, another is main verbs.
e.g. I bought a cell phone yesterday.
     Bought is a main verb here.
     I make a big mistake in my presentation.
     Make is a main verb here.
     I think he is not a doctor.
     Think is a main verb here; is a helping verb here.
     I have been done my homework.
     Have is a helping verb here; been is a helping verb; done is a main verb here.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 3/4

Review the 22nd Section
We need to make pronouns and antecedents agree.
e.g. Lisa lost her bag.
     Lisa and her are antecedents and pronouns, they should be agreed.
We can't use plural pronouns to refer to singular antecedents.
e.g. Everyone in this class must follow the rule which they have.(wrong)
     Everyone in this class must follow the rule which he or she has.(right)
     Students in this class must follow the rule which they have.(right)
We should treat collective nouns as singular unless the meaning is clearly plural.
e.g. The animal think they will die.
We should treat most compound antecedents joined with and as plural.
e.g. Lisa and Lily are best friends.
     Lisa and Lily had their own brand in 1997.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 2/4

We should add the article(a,an,and the) in where is necessary for grammatical completeness. 

e.g. I bought a book and CD yesterday. (wrong)

     I bought a book and a CD yesterday. (right)

     I need book which on the table. (wrong)

     I need the book which on the table. (right)

Although and but can't appear in one sentence at same time.

e.g. Although I finish my homework, but I can't play video game. (wrong)

     Although I finish my homework, I can't play video game. (right)

If and so can't appear in one sentence at same time.

e.g. If Marry gets highest score in this exam, so she will get scholarship for this year. (wrong)

     If Marry gets highest score in this exam, she will get scholarship for this year. (right) 

We should let the subject and the predicate make sense together.\

e.g. The scholarship is a prize for the students which are hard-working. (wrong)

     Scholarship is a prize for the students which are hard-working. (right)

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 7 1/4

We can't omit words which are necessary for grammatical or logical completeness.
To complete compound structures, we should add needed word.
e.g. I like a boy who wear black T-shirt.
    Here who is needed word.
We need to add the word that when there is some danger of misreading without it.
e.g. The fact that he doesn't like to talk with others.
    We should add that here.
     I think that he doesn't like to talk with others.
     I think he doesn't like to talk with others.
    We can choose don't put that in this sentence.
If we want to make comparisons logical and complete, we must add words needed.
e.g. I like to play video game and apple.(wrong)
     I like to play video game and eat apple.(right)

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 4/4

We should make pronouns and antecedents agree.  A word which subtitutes for a noun is a pronoun.  Many pronouns have antecedents, nouns and pronouns that they refer. A pronoun and its antecedent should agree, they should be both singular or plural.

e.g.

singular：Sam didn't finish his homework yesterday.

  Sam and his → same （singular） 

plural：The students in this school always try their best.

  students and their → same (plural)

We can't use plural pronouns to refer to singular antecedents.

Indefinite pronouns

e.g.Everybody want to do his or her best in this quiz.

    Here can't be their.

Generic nouns

e.g.A student cannot cheat on their test.

    A student should be students.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 3/4

We should make subjects and verbs agree.
Verbs should agree with their subjects in number and in person. Number means singular or plural, person means first,second or third and so on. For example, I do,you do, we do,they do, he does, she does.
e.g. In present tense form,
I hate you.
We hate you.
He hates you.
They hate you.
A subject has over two parts is said to be compound.  If we use and connect parts,the subjects are nearly always plural.
e.g. Cat and dog are our friends.
     Katy and I always do our homework together.
   

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 2/4

We often put subject before the verb, but sometime we put subject after verb. This situation almost happened in the function There are or There is. 

e.g. 1) There are some apples in the table.

In this sentence, apple is a simple subject.

     2) Peaceful is the countryside where in the north of Canada. 

In this sentence, peaceful is a adjective which cannot be a subject. So we can turn this sentence around first.

        The countryside where in the north of Canada is peaceful.

We can find the subject easily, it is countryside as a simple subject.

       All the test books on the table are useless.

       Useless is all the test books which on the table. 

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 6 1/4

   When we want to join independent clauses with coordinating conjunction, we should put comma before coordinating conjunction.
   e.g.  We are too young to solve this problem, and we don't know who we can trust.
   We should use comma after an introductory clause or pharse
   e.g.  When I go to school, my mom stays at home and does some housework.
   We should put a comma between all terms in a series.
   e.g.  He is a talent who is good at everything, including math, language, and music.
   For the biological cause, there is a material in some addicted people called “dopamine”.

Their parents like to use drugs or drink, they have bad gene.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 4/4

Verbs have two voice to use, one of them is active verb，the other one is passive verb.  The subject is a person or something who lead to the action, the verb voice is active.  The subject is the receiver of action, the verb voice is passive. Generally, we have better use the active verbs rather than passive verbs except we have a very good reason to use the passive verbs.  The reason why we choose active voice is simpler, more direct and more effective.
e.g.
Active : He breaks a glass.
Passive: A glass is broken by him.
Passive sentence often use by to show people the actor.  If we don't show people who is the actor, sometimes our sentence will be unclear. Another important thing is passive verbs show less strength than active verb because some verb(form of verb be) don't make any sense of action.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 3/4

We named an independent clause which in a sentence hasn't been joined in a right way is run-on sentence. An independent clause can't stand alone like a sentence because it is a word group. We must put two independent clauses which appear in one sentence together.  We can use one of these ways：(1)with a comma and a coordinating conjunction(and,but,yet,so,or,for,nor)(2)with a semicolon(or occasionally with a colon or a dash).  Run-on sentence have two types. One of them called a fused sentence, this means there are no mark of punctuation and no coordinating conjunction between independent clauses. The other one is comma splice,this means there are over two independent clauses joined with a comma, and don't have a coordinating conjunction. Sometimes the comma appears alone in some comma splices.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 2/4

Most fragments can be repaired in two ways.  The first one is pull the fragment into a nearby sentence, the second one is rewrite the fragment as a complete sentence.  Attach fragmented subordinate clause or turn them into sentence.  A subordinate clause used as a sentence, both have subject and verb.  It's begins with a word that marks it as subordinate. Such as after, before, so that, until, while, although, even though, than, when, who, as, how, that, where, whom these words are commonly introduce subordinate clause.
The function of subordinate clauses is including a sentence as adjective, as adverb, or as nouns.  When a fragment clause cannot be attached to a nearby sentence or it will be awkward if we attach it, we can turn the clause into sentence. It is easy to do, just delete the opening word or words which is a subordinate mark.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 5 1/4

A word group which pretends to be a sentence we call it a sentence fragment.  A word group want to be a sentence, it must consist a full independent clause(include a subject and a verb,stands alone or could stand alone.)
How to test a word group is a fragment or a complete sentence.
If a word group doesn't have a verb, it is a fragment. If it has a verb, we should see this word group has a subject or not.  If it has, it is a fragment. If it doesn't have,  we can see it merely a subordinate clause or not.  Yes is a fragment, No is a complete sentence.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 4/4

There are four sentence purposes: declarative ,imperative ,interrogative, and exclamatory.  They play different roles in our writing.
When we write these sentences, we want to use declarative sentence to make our statements.  We use imperative sentence to require something.  Interrogative sentence can help us ask question.  Exclamatory sentence can make exclamations.

e.g.
Declarative sentence: I have some classes in this afternoon.
                      I don't like play computer games.
Imperative sentence: Love me,love my dog.
                     Leave me alone,please.
Interrogative sentence: Do you like listening music?
                        Did you see a girl who wear black shoes?
Exclamatory sentence: What a pity!
                      I will come back soon!

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 3/4

Sentences have four structures: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex, the sentence's structure depends on the number and types of clauses it contains. 
Clauses also have two types: independent and subordinate.  Independent clauses have a subject and a predicate. They stand alone or can stand alone.  Subordinate clauses also have subject and predicate, but they function within sentences as adj., verb, or noun; they can't stand alone.
e.g.
simple sentence: His aim is to get high scores in this quiz.
compound sentence:Hurry up! You will be late!
complex sentence: He said that he was late for school yesterday.
compound-complex sentence: I ask him some simple questions, but he doesn't know.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 2/4

1）A hyphen should be used to connect two words functioning together as an adjective before a noun.
2）A hyphen should be used with the prefix self-.
3）A hyphen should be used to connect two words functioning together as an adjective before a noun.
4）Hyphens should not be used to connect -ly adverbs to the words they modify.
Written forms of fractions are hyphenated.
5）The word which is the name of specific things should be capitalized .
6）Names of school subjects should not be capitalized unless they are names of languages, such as English. Names of particular courses can be capitalized.
7）Major words in the titles of works, including Web sites, should be capitalized.
8）Names of specific geographical places should be capitalized.
9）The word which is a common noun that should not be capitalized unless it is being used as the title preceding the name of a specific person.
11）The first word of the quoted sentence should be capitalized.
12）A title preceding the name of a specific person should be capitalized.
13）The first word of a quoted sentence should be capitalized.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 4 1/4

 1）The preposition at is used before a specific time.   2) The preposition in is used before a geographic location.   3）The preposition before a noun indicating the edge of something is at.  4）The preposition before a noun indicating a target is at.   5）The preposition in is used before a noun indicating an enclosed space.   6） The preposition before a specific day is on.   7） The preposition at is used before a noun indicating the corner of something.   8）The preposition in is used before a noun indicating an enclosed space.  9） The preposition on is used before an electronic medium.  10） The preposition at is used before a noun indicating the edge of something.   11）The preposition at is used before a noun indicating a target.   12）The preposition in is used before a noun indicating an enclosed space.

e.g.    My mother will go to Vancouver at 8:00 p.m. in next Monday.
           I lost my cellphone in hotel.
           My father always sits at the table and read newspaper.
           At the end of the book, all the bad guys dead.
           In the box, there is a ring in it.
           I want be the most beautiful bride on my wedding day.
           
           
           
           
           
           
             

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 4/4

In a subordinate word groups, has phrases and clauses.Phrases lack a subject and a verb, so they are subordinate. Subordinate clauses begin with a word(although,that,or when),this is a mark that they are subordinate.  Subordinate clauses have a subject and verb.
Prepositional phrases
Begin with a preposition(in,at,with...).  End with a noun or noun equivalent(in the tree,by yourself).  Noun or noun equivalent is named object of the preposition.
Verbal phrases
Verbal is a verb form. Include participial phrases(past and present),infinitives.
Appositive phrases
Function is somewhat as adj. do.It is describe nouns or pronouns.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 3/4

Abbreviation has five different ways to use.  The first way is use standard abbreviations for titles immediately before and after proper names.  Such as Mr. Wang, Ms. Wang, Mrs. Wang, Dr. Wang, Rev. Wang and Prof. Wang are the abbreviations for titles before proper names.  Such as Wang Sr. Wang Jr. Zoe Wang, PhD Zoe Wang, MD Zoe Wang, LLD and Zoe Wang,DDS are the abbreviations for titles after proper names. We should notice that we can't use abbreviations for titles without proper names.
The second way to use abbreviations is only you sure your readers will understand them. ( CIA = Central Intelligence Agency FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation  MD = president  NAACP = National Association for the Advancement of Colored People  NBA=National Basketball Association  NEA = National Education Association   PhD = Doctor of Philosophy  CD-ROM = Compact disc read-only memory  YMCA = Young Men\'s Christian Association    
CBS = Columbia Broadcasting System  USA = United States of America   ESL =  English as a second language )
The third way is use BC, AD, a.m., p.m., No., and $ only with specific dates, times,numbers, and amounts.  The fourth way is to be sparing in my use of Latin abbreviations.  The last way is avoid inappropriate abbreviations.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 2/4

      In an English sentence, we can't use both noun and pronoun to perform the same grammatical function.
In English sentence, the subject can't repeat itself.
e.g.  English it a common language.
     We can't use it here, because this word repeat the subject English.
In English sentence, between the subject and the verb, sometimes will have a word group.  But we can't add a pronoun.
e.g.  The boy who I saw he was a swimmer.
     We can't put he between the subject and verb, because this word repeat the subject a swimmer.
     Some language allow "topic fronting," put a word or phrase used as a "topic" at the beginning of a sentence and following it with an independent clause to explains something about the topic.  But we can't use this way in an English sentence.
e.g.  The dog I fed it in the morning.  (WRONG)
      I fed the dog in the morning.  (RIGHT)
     In an English sentence,It is wrong to repeat an object or an adverb in an adjective clause.
     Adj. clause begin with relative pronoun(who, whom, whose, which,that) or relative verb(when,where).  In an English sentence, relative pronoun usually help to introduce subjects or objects in the clauses.
e.g.  The boy ran after a girl who played in the garden.
     

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 3 1/4

We should use a linking verb between a subject and its complement in a sentence. The linking verbs,such as is, are, was, are.  The subject's complements are nouns or adjectives which rename or describe the subjects.  Every English sentence must include a verb.
e.g. We are the best students in this class.
     Most Chinese in Canada are students.

In every English sentence, need include a subject.  Sometimes the subject doesn't  present in the sentence, but we can understand what the subject is.
e.g. Please turn up the music.
     Don't smoking.

The word it is used as a subject in an English sentence.
e.g.  It is a good movie.
      It is a rainy day.
In most English sentence, the subject before the verb, but in some English sentence, the verb before the subject.  We call this situation "expletive"(there or it).
e.g.  There are many people in this building.
      There is a cat in your bed.
In the inverted sentence, sometimes we use an infinitive(to do)or a noun clause(that he is friendly). The placeholder it is needed before the verb.
e.g.  It is hard to finish my homework tonight.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 4/4

  Most English sentences flow from subject to verb to any objects or complements.
  There are five patterns are very common: (1)subject/verb/subject complement (2)subject/verb/direct object (3)subject/verb/indirect object/direct object (4)subject/verb/direct object/object complement (5)subject/verb.
 The first one, for example,These fruits have kept fresh(S+V+Sc).  The second one, for example, I kept the money(S+V+DO).  The third one, for example, He gave me some change(S+V+InO+DO).  The fourth one, for example, His attitude makes me feel angry(S+V+InO+Oc).  The last one, for example, I won't go(S+V).
A complete subject usually be composed of a simple subject, always a noun or pronoun, plus any words or words groups modifying the simple subject.
e.g.  His attitude makes me feel angry.
In this sentence, "his attitude"is a complete subject,"attitude"is a simple subject.
       Leave your phone number please.
This is a imperative sentence.The subject of this sentence is understood to be you.
  When a sentence begins with There is or There are(or  There was or There were), the subject follows the verb.
e.g  There are some birds in the tree.
In this sentence, "some birds" is complete subject,"birds" is simple sentence.
e.g  I found a girl who live in downtown.
=>  A girl who I found live in downtown.
In these sentences, subjects are same, is "girl".

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 3/4

Sometimes we use a quantifier in the sentence, such as enough, many, some.  There are two situations.  The first one is if the noun represents an unspecified amount of something. For example, "There are many fish in the lake."   "Fish" is a noun which can't respect an specified amount of something.   The other situation is if the amount is more than one but not all items in a  
category.  For example,"I find some balls in this bag."  "Balls" in here is the amount is more than one but not all items in the bag.  We also should notice that sometimes no article conveys an unspecified amount, such as "Teacher show us movies of China." 
Sometimes we don't use article in a sentence.  There are two situations too.  The first one is if that the noun represents all items in a category.  For example,  "Children can't watch too much TV."  "Children" is a noun which represents all items in a category, so we needn't use article.  The 
other one is if the noun represents a category in general.   For example, "People always forget some important details in their work."  “People” here is  a noun represents a a category in general.

EAP 140 PM - WANG, Lingshan - Week 2 2/4

Today I review the reading's  grammar and vocabulary, also I read the bedford handbook and learn about articles.
In English, the indefinite articles are a and an and the definite article is the.
A and An
'A' is used before consonants.  'An' is used before vowel.
 a boy      a big boat
 an elephant    an old book
General for any one of class of people or things.
- I want to buy a pad.
Generally refers to a class of one, but did not specify which one.
_ I find a girl who wear black skirt.
 Used before an ordinal, express the increase in quantity or number.
I don't know whether I should ask her a 5th time.
Use before the words which express most,very.
- This is a real beautiful girl.
Used before a mass noun, transforming it into concrete noun.Express 'a cup' 'a kind''a glass' and so on.
- I want to have a tea.
 Use for abstract noun, make it specific, to express specific people or things related.
- I got a great success in my math quiz. For some verbs converted by or having action means before a noun.